Using real-world data, this retrospective cross-sectional study aimed to analyze the association between patient-physician communication and self-reported mental health from cancer patients using publicly available 2019 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) household component data. Four adjusted logistic regression models were conducted to analyze the association between patient-physician communication and self-perceived mental health among United States adult cancer patients, with each model assessing different aspects of patient-physician communication: being respected (respect), being listened to (listen), spending enough time (time), and being explained (explain). The main finding from this study was that only the time model showed a statistical significance, where patients who reported that their physician always spent enough time perceived their mental health as good. Other covariates that showed statistical significance with self-perceived mental health in cancer patients included age, income level, physical limitation, and limitation from pain. In conclusion, there were generally no statistically significant associations between patient-physician communication and mental health among cancer patients.