PhPr 815D - Endocrine (Diabetes) Rotation
(Also refer to the general goals and objectives for PhPr 815)
Goals
- To develop a pharmacist who:
- Can obtain the necessary information from the medical record and patient interview to determine a treatment plan for the patient.
- Can utilize the treatment plan to manage and educate the patient and relay this information to other health care providers.
- Is knowledgeable about the diagnosis, management, and monitoring of diabetes and common concomitant disease states such as hypertension and hyperlipidemia.
- Has good communication and patient education skills.
- Conducts herself/himself in a professional manner.
- Has a commitment to lifelong learning.
Objectives
- Pathophysiology of Diabetes
- Differentiate between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes both with respect to pathophysiology as well as signs and symptoms.
- List the signs and symptoms of diabetes.
- Discuss the diagnosis of diabetes.
- Discuss the complications associated with diabetes.
- Management of Diabetes
- Nutrition
- Discuss the general nutrition guidelines for a patient with diabetes.
- Given a specific patient, develop a nutrition plan.
- Discuss the use of vitamins, minerals, and nutritional supplements in patients with diabetes.
- Drug therapy for glucose management
- Discuss the pharmacology and therapeutic use of the drugs used in diabetes to lower glucose.
- Given a specific patient, design a drug therapy regimen.
- Drug therapy for comorbid conditions
- Given a patient with hyperlipidemia, design a drug therapy regimen and discuss the pros and cons of various agents, dosing, and monitoring.
- Given a patient with hypertension, design a drug therapy regimen and discuss the pros and cons of various agents, dosing, and monitoring.
- Discuss the use of aspirin in patients with diabetes.
- Discuss smoking cessation therapy.
- Exercise
- Discuss the benefits of exercise in patients with diabetes.
- Discuss the precautions to be taken when a patient with diabetes exercises.
- Design an exercise program for a patient with diabetes.
- Complications
- Discuss the causes, symptoms, and treatment of hypoglycemia.
- Discuss the management of diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar nonketotic coma.
- Discuss the use of drug therapy for common complications of diabetes including neuropathy, proteinuria/nephropathy, and gastroparesis.
- Nutrition
- Monitoring Diabetes
- Discuss the American Diabetes Association Standards of Medical Care for Patients with Diabetes.
- Physical exam
- Perform a foot exam and know the danger signs for people with diabetes.
- Measure blood pressure.
- Discuss the appropriate monitoring for opthalmologic complications.
- Blood glucose monitoring
- Compare the available blood glucose monitors.
- Design a plan for blood glucose monitoring based on the patient's therapeutic plan, motivations, and glycemic goals.
- Describe errors that can occur with blood glucose monitoring.
- Laboratory monitoring
- Discuss the use of tests for measuring glycemic control and the target goals for these tests.
- Discuss the appropriate monitoring for hyperlipidemias and the target goals for lipids.
- Discuss available methods to detect proteinuria and the diagnostic values for these tests.
- Patient Education
- Assess a patient's educational needs and design an educational plan based on this assessment.
- Discuss survival skills education.
- Describe the various topics that on which a patient should receive education.
- Discuss the various learning styles of patients and how best to meet these styles.