Edward Armstrong, PharmD
Professor
Edward P. Armstrong is a professor in the Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science and an investigator with the VIPER Institute in the College of Medicine. He is a fellow of the American Society of Health Systems Pharmacists. Armstrong also served as a visiting professor for Kobe-Gakuin University in Japan and has consulted with health systems in Eastern Europe and Southeast Asia.
Armstrong has written numerous articles and delivered many presentations on medication use in clinical practice, cost-effectiveness analysis, and evidentiary literature analysis of medication use. His specific research interests focus upon managed care database evaluations and disease state modeling involving Crohn’s disease, stroke prophylaxis in atrial fibrillation, asthma, depression, heart failure, dyslipidemias, prostate disease, hepatitis C, infectious diseases, diabetes mellitus, epilepsy, community acquired pneumonia and hypertension.
Education
BS, Pharmacy, University of Arizona, 1980
PharmD, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 1981
Clinical Pharmacy Resident, Truman Medical Center, Kansas City, 1982
Publications
Refereed Journal Articles (Published or Accepted in Final Form)
1. Tang DH, Armstrong EP, Lee JK. A cost-utility analysis of biologic treatments for moderate-to-severe Crohn’s disease. Pharmacotherapy 2012;32:515-26.
2. Chinthammit C, Armstrong EP, Warholak TL. A cost-effectiveness evaluation of hospital discharge counseling by pharmacists. Journal of Pharmacy Practice 2012; 25:201-8. doi: 10.1177/0897190011418512.
3. Perera P, Armstrong EP, Sherrill D, Skrepnek GH. Acute exacerbations of COPD in the U.S.: inpatient burden and predictors of costs and mortality. COPD: Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 2012;9:1-11.
4. Armstrong EP, Chemodurow L, Christensen S, Johnson ES. A pre- post-evaluation of implementing an inpatient warfarin monitoring and education program. Pharmacy Practice 2011;9:101-5.
5. Hines LE, Ceron-Cabrera D, Romero K, Anthony M, Woosley RL, Armstrong EP, Malone DC. Evaluation of warfarin drug interaction listings in US product information for warfarin and interacting drugs. Clinical Therapeutics 2011;33:36-45.
6. Higgins L, Brown M, Murphy JE, Malone D, Armstrong EP, Woosley R. Community pharmacy and pharmacist staff call center: assessment of medication safety and Effectiveness. Journal of the American Pharmacists Association 2011;51:82-9.
7. Olvey, E, Armstrong EP, Grizzle AJ. Contemporary pharmacologic treatments for spasicity of the upper-limb after stroke: a systematic review. Clinical Therapeutics 2010;32:2282-303.
8. Armstrong EP, Campbell C, Van Allen A, Vincent E. Skin Cancer Knowledge and Prevention Counseling Among Arizona Pharmacists. Journal of Pharmacy Practice 2010;23:358-66.
9. Hess LM, Malone DC, Skrepnek GH, Reed PG, Armstrong EP, Coons SJ. Oncologist preferences for health states associated with the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer. Applied Health Economics and Health Policy 2010;8:217-23.
10. Hess LM, Malone DC, Skrepnek GH, Reed PG, Armstrong EP, Weihs K. Preferences of patients and oncologists for advanced ovarian cancer treatment-related health states. Health Outcomes and Research in Medicine 2010;1:e51-9.
11. Armstrong EP. Prophylaxis of cervical cancer and related cervical disease: a review of the cost-effectiveness of vaccination against oncogenic HPV types. Journal of Managed Care Pharmacy 2010;16:217-30.
12. Skrepnek GH, Sahai A, Armstrong EP, Malone DC. Logarithmic transformations in clinical trial and outcomes research: a more efficient point estimation of the lognormal mean. http://interstat.statjournals.net/YEAR/2009/articles/0912004.pdf.
13. Smith K, Warholak T, Armstrong EP, Leib M, Rehfeld R, Malone D. Evaluation of risk factors and health outcomes among persons with asthma. Journal of Asthma 2009;46:234-7.
14. Murphy JE, Malone DC, Olson BM, Grizzle AJ, Armstrong EP, Skrepnek GH. Development of computerized alerts with management strategies for 25 serious drug-drug interactions. Am J Health-Syst Pharm 2009;66:38-44.
15. Ko Y, Malone DC, Agostino JV, Skrepnek GH Armstrong EP, Brown M, Woosley RL. Potential determinants of prescribers’ drug-drug interaction knowledge. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy 2008;4:355-66.
16. Pagamas M, Petcharat P, Kapol N, Armstrong EP. Pharmacist perceptions of new competency standards. Pharmacy Practice 2008;6:113-20.
17. Mahmood MH, Armstrong EP, Malone DC, Skrepnek GH. Relationship between pharmaceutical services characteristics and exposure rates to drug-drug interactions in Veterans Affairs medical centers. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 2008;65:1744-9.
18. Ko Y, Malone DC, Skrepnek GH, Armstrong EP, Murphy JE, Abarca J, Rehfeld RA, Reel SJ, Woosley RL. Prescribers’ knowledge of and sources of information for potential drug-drug interactions. A postal survey of US prescribers. Drug Safety 2008;31:525-36.
19. Kapol N, Maitreemit P, Pongcharoensuk P, Armstrong EP. Evaluation of Curricula Content Based on Thai Pharmacy Competency Standards. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 2008;72 (article 9):1-9.
20. Wang MT, Malone DC, Skrepnek GH, Armstrong EP, Sherrill DL, Harris RB, Tsai CL. Use of salmeterol with and without concurrent use of inhaled corticosteroids and the risk of asthma-related hospitalization among patients with asthma. Current Medical Research and Opinion 2008;24:859-67.
21. Skrepnek GH, Armstrong EP, Brookler K, Roper J, Martin BE, Karabatsos L, Hunter C. Cost analysis of a disease management programme for adult Medicaid clients with schizophrenia. Journal of Medical Economics 2007;10:411-26.
22. Grizzle AJ, Murphy JE, Mahmood M, Ko Y, Murphy JE, Armstrong EP, Skrepnek GH, Jones WN, Schepers GP, Nichol P, Houranieh A, Dare DC, Hoey CT, Malone DC. Reasons provided by prescribers when overriding drug-drug interaction alerts. American Journal of Managed Care 2007;13:573-580.
23. Armstrong EP. Economic benefits and costs associated with target vaccinations. Journal of Managed Care Pharmacy 2007;13S-b:S12-5.
24. Mahmood M, Malone DC, Skrepnek GH, Abarca J, Armstrong EP, Murphy JE, Grizzle AJ, Ko Y, Woosley RL. Assessment of Potential Drug-Drug Interactions within the Veterans Affairs. Am J Hosp Pharm 2007;64:1500-5.
25. Yeh Wei-Shi, Armstrong EP, Skrepnek GH, Malone DC. Peginterferon alfa-2a versus Peginterferon alfa-2b as initial treatment of hepatitis C virus infection: a cost-utility analysis from the perspective of the Veterans Affairs Health Care System. Pharmacotherapy 2007;27:813-24.
26. Kerschen AM, Armstrong EP, Hillman TM. Job satisfaction among staff, clinical, and integrated hospital pharmacists. Journal of Pharmacy Practice 2007;19:306-12.
27. Malone DC, Abarca J, Skrepnek GH, Murphy JE, Armstrong EP, Grizzle AJ, Rehfeld RA, Woosley RL. Pharmacist workload and pharmacy characteristics associated with the dispensing of potentially clinically important drug-drug interactions. Medical Care 2007;45:456-62.
28. Armstrong EP, Skrepnek GH, Erder MH. Cost-utility comparison of escitalopram and certraline in the treatment of major depressive disorder. Current Medical Research Opinion 2007;23:251-8.
29. Ventura D, Armstrong EP, Skrepnek GH, Erder MH. Escitalopram versus sertraline in the treatment of major depressive disorder. A randomized clinical trial. Current Medical Research Opinion 2007;23:245-50.
30. Murphy JE, Malone DC, Skrepnek GH, Armstrong EP, Abarca J, Grizzle AJ, Rehfeld R, Woosley RL. The role of technicians in the management of computerized drug-drug interaction alerts in community pharmacies. The Journal of Pharmacy Technology 2006;22:155-60.
31. Abarca J, Colon LR, Wang VS, Malone DC, Murphy JE, Armstrong EP. Evaluation of the performance of drug-drug interaction screening software in community and hospital pharmacy. J Manag Care Pharm 2006;12:383-9.
32. Perkins NA, Murphy JE, Malone DC, Armstrong EP. Performance of drug-drug interaction software for personal digital assistants. Ann Pharmacother 2006;40:850-5.
33. Abarca J, Malone DC, Skrepnek GH, Rehfeld RA, Murphy JE, Grizzle AJ, Armstrong EP, Woosley RL. Community pharmacy managers’ perception of computerized drug-drug interaction alerts. J Am Pharm Assoc 2006;46:148-53.
34. Skrepnek GH, Armstrong EP, Malone DC, Abarca J, Murphy JE, Grizzle AJ, Rehfeld RA, Woosley RL. Workload and availability of technology in metropolitan community pharmacies. J Am Pharm Assoc 2006;46:154-60.
35. Okumoto K, Sanagawa H, Armstrong EP. Assessment of Japanese pharmacists’ perceptions towards community pharmacy. Japanese Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences 2006;32:146-53.
36. Hoxsie DM, Keller AE, Armstrong EP. Analysis of community pharmacy workflow processes in preventing dispensing errors. Journal of Pharmacy Practice 2006;19:1-7.
37. Skrepnek GH, Abarca J, Malone DC, Armstrong EP, Shirazi FM, Woosley R. Incremental effects of concurrent pharmacotherapeutic regimens for heart failure on hospitalizations and costs. Ann Pharmacother 2005;39:1785-91.
38. Skrepnek GH, Armstrong EP, Malone DC, Ramachandran S. An economic and outcomes assessment of first-line monotherapy in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia within managed care. Current Medical Research Opinion 2005;21:261-70.
39. Abarca J, Malone DC, Armstrong EP, Grizzle AJ, Cohen M. Longitudinal analysis of the use of etanercept versus infliximab determined from medical chart audit. J Manag Care Pharm 2004;10:538-42.
40. Kopp BJ, Nix DE, Armstrong EP. Clinical and economic analysis of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infections. Ann Pharmacother 2004;38:1377-82.
41. Armstrong EP, Zachry WM, Malone DC. Cost-effectiveness analysis of simvastatin and lovastatin/extended-release niacin to achieve LDL and HDL goal using NHANES data. J Manag Care Pharm 2004;10:251-8.
42. Abarca J, Malone DC, Armstrong EP, Grizzle AJ, Hansten PD, Van Bergen R, Lipton RB. Concordance of severity ratings provided in four drug interaction compendia. J Am Pharm Assoc 2004;44:136-41.
43. Malone DC, Abarca J, Hansten PD, Grizzle AJ, Armstrong EP, Van Bergen RC, Duncan-Edgar BS, Soloman S, Lipton RB. Identification of serious drug-drug interactions: results of the partnership to prevent drug-drug interactions. J Am Pharm Assoc 2004;44:142-51.
44. Adams RJ, Armstrong EP, Erstad BL. Prescribing and self-administration of morphine in Hispanic and white patients treated with patient-controlled analgesia. Journal of Pain & Palliative Care Pharmacotherapy 2004;18:29-38.
45. Armstrong EP, Charland SL. Burden of illness of hepatitis C from a managed care organization perspective. Current Medical Research and Opinion 2004;20:671-9.
46. Abarca J, Malone DC, Armstrong EP, Zachry III WM. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy in patients with heart failure enrolled in a managed care organization: effect on costs and probability of hospitalization. Pharmacotherapy 2004;24:351-7.
47. Lai LK, Armstrong EP, Salcido AL, French R, Skrepnek GH. Women’s perception of bone mineral density testing and osteoporosis education in the community pharmacy. Consultant Pharmacist 2003;18:968-76.
48. Armstrong EP, Goodman N. Community Pharmacist's Opinions About Having diagnostic Data Provided with Prescriptions. Journal of Pharmacy Practice 2003;16:361-5.
49. Armstrong EP, Bates SM, Jones WN. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, minimizing gastrointestinal toxicity. Federal Practitioner 2003;20:11-23.
50. Olson BM, Armstrong EP, Grizzle AJ, Nichter MA. Industry’s perception of presenting pharmacoeconomic models to managed care organizations. J Managed Care Pharm 2003;9:159-67.
51. Armstrong EP. Antidepressant Treatment Patterns and Success Rates in a Managed Care Organization. Disease Management and Health Outcomes 2003;11:173-80.
52. Armstrong EP, Malone DC. The impact of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on blood pressure, with an emphasis on newer agents. Clinical Therapeutics 2003;25:1-18.
53. Armstrong EP, Malone DC. Fluticasone propionate is associated with lower asthma-related costs than leukotriene modifiers in a real-world analysis. Pharmacotherapy 2002;22:1117-23.
54. Zachry WM, Armstrong EP. Health care professionals’ perceptions of the role of pharmacogenomic data. J Man Care Pharm 2002;8:278-84.
55. Krueger KP, Armstrong EP, Langley PC. The accuracy of asthma and respiratory disease diagnostic codes in a managed care medical claims database. Disease Management 2002;4:155-161.
56. Malone DC, Armstrong EP. Economic burden of asthma: implications for outcomes and cost-effectiveness analyses. Expert Rev Pharmacoeconomics Outcomes Res 2001;1:177-86.
57. Joish VN, Armstrong EP. Which anti-fungal agent for onychomycosis? A pharmacoeconomic analysis. PharmacoEconomics 2001;19:983-1002.
58. Abarca J, Armstrong EP. Improving the use of data sources in disease management programs. Disease Management and Health Outcomes 2001;9:459-71.
59. Armstrong EP, Abarca J. An examination of the relationship between non-depression-related costs and uninterrupted Tx. Formulary 2001;36:461-8.
60. Armstrong EP. Analysis of antidepressant use through hierarchical disease analysis. Disease Management and Health Outcomes 2001;9:255-67.
61. Armstrong EP, Krueger K, Langley PC. Analysis of asthma costs and patterns of resource utilization in a managed care population. Disease Management and Health Outcomes 2001;9:161-71.
62. Armstrong EP, Abarca J, Grizzle AJ. The role of pharmacoeconomic information from the pharmaceutical industry perspective. Drug Benefit Trends 2001;13:39-45.
63. Armstrong EP. Clinical and economic outcomes of an ambulatory urinary tract infection disease management program. Am J Managed Care 2001;7:269-80.
64. Armstrong EP, Patrick KL, Erstad BL. Comparison of preoperative skin preparation products. Pharmacotherapy 2001;21:345-50.
65. Joish VN, Limcangco MRMT, Armstrong EP. Cost-benefit analysis of a pharmacist-advocated pneumococcal vaccination program. Formulary 2001;36:147-56.
66. Armstrong EP, Rhoads M, Meiling F. Medication usage patterns in assisted living facilities. Consultant Pharm 2001;16:65-9.
67. Armstrong EP. Treatment of resistant gram-positive pneumonias in the VA health system: clinical and economic outcome implications. Veterans Health System Journal 2000;5:45-9.
68. Abarca J, Armstrong EP. Multiple logistic regression: a statistical method to evaluate predictors of hospitalizations. Formulary 2000;35:832-41.
69. Armstrong EP, Byrns P, Foster TS, Stockwell Morris L, Fulda TR. Drug utilization review: mechanisms to improve its effectiveness and broaden its scope. J Am Pharm Assoc 2000;40:538-45.
70. Joish VN, Armstrong EP. Use of decision analysis in modeling the cost-effectiveness of oral vs SC sumatriptan. Formulary 2000;35:532-9.
71. Motheral BR, Grizzle AJ, Armstrong EP, Cox E. Role of pharmacoeconomics on drug benefit decision-making: Results of a survey. Formulary 2000;35:412-21.
72. Armstrong EP, Abarca J. Pharmacoeconomic model to evaluate new influenza treatments. Formulary 2000;35:169-81.
73. Armstrong EP, Langley PL. Treatment of pneumonias in a managed-care organization. The impact of a disease management intervention on physician prescribing behavior. Disease Management & Health Outcomes 1999;3:159-73.
74. Armstrong EP, Langley PL. The impact of a disease management intervention on the treatment of infectious disease in a managed care organization. Disease Management 1999;2:61-77.
75. Armstrong EP. Critical evaluation of a decision-analytic model of major depression treatment. Formulary 1999;34:683-7.
76. Armstrong EP, Cone C. The cost of treating seizure patients in a managed care organization. J Manage Care Pharm 1999;5:351-56.
77. Armstrong EP, Sauer KA. Phenytoin and fosphenytoin: a model of cost and clinical outcomes. Pharmacotherapy 1999;19:844-53.
78. Armstrong EP. Disease management: state-of-the-art and future directions. Clin Ther 1999;21:593-609.
79. Armstrong EP. Evaluating low molecular weight heparins within a health system: Issues and strategies. Formulary 1999;34:144-8.
80. Armstrong EP, Ferguson TA. Urinary incontinence: health care resource consumption in veteran affairs medical centers. Veterans Health System Journal 1998;3:37-42.
81. Kortt MA, Armstrong EP. Cholesterol-lowering therapy interventions: a pharmacoeconomic assessment. Disease Management & Health Outcomes 1998;4:193-203.
82. Schwarz HO, Savelli AV, Armstrong EP. Drug formulary development in the Newly Independent States. Am J Health-Syst Pharm 1998;55:1308-11.
83. Armstrong EP, Denemark CR. How pharmacists respond to on-line, real-time, DUR alerts. J Am Pharm Assoc 1998;38:149-54.
84. Else BA, Armstrong EP, Cox ER. Data sources for pharmacoeconomic and health services research. Am J Health-Syst Pharm 1997;54:2601-8.
85. Armstrong EP, Manuchehri F. Ambulatory care databases for managed care organizations. Am J Health-Syst Pharm 1997;54:1973-83.
86. Armstrong EP, Akaho E, Tysinger JW. Computer experience and attitudes of Japanese pharmacy students. Education and Information Technologies 1997;2:155-63.
87. Armstrong EP, Markson TJ. On-line DUR messages: pharmacists’ attitudes and actions in response. J Am Pharm Assoc 1997;NS37:315-20.
88. Erstad BL, Callahan J, Keller J, Armstrong EP. Evaluation of practice site learning experience program for entry-level doctor of pharmacy students. Am J Pharm Educ 1997;61:87-90.
89. Armstrong EP. Pharmacoeconomic analysis of hormone replacement therapy - implications for managed care. J Manage Care Pharm 1997;3:200-9.
90. Armstrong EP. Monitoring and evaluating disease management: information requirements. Clin Ther 1996;18:1327-33.
91. Langley PC, Langley-Hawthorne CE, Martin RE, Armstrong EP. Establishing the basis for successful disease management contracting. Am J Managed Care 1996;2:1099-1108.
92. Armstrong EP, Akaho E, Fujii M, Hosono K. Evaluation of teaching pharmacoeconomics to Japanese students. J Pharm Teach 1996;5:67-85.
93. Grant KL, Herrier RN, Armstrong EP. Teaching a systematic search strategy improves literature retrieval skills of pharmacy students. Am J Pharm Educ 1996;60:281-6.
94. Armstrong EP, Proteau D. Drug utilization review in ambulatory settings: perspective of state Medicaid DUR directors. Ann Pharmacother 1996;30:1088-91.
95. Armstrong EP. Disease state management and its influence on health systems today. Drug Benefit Trends 1996;8(7):18-29.
96. Akaho E, Armstrong EP, Fujii M. Pharmaceutical care innovations in Japan. J Am Pharm Assoc 1996;NS36:123-7.
97. Armstrong EP, Bykov A, Savelli AV. Introducing formulary drug selection in Russia. Am J Health-Syst Pharm 1996;53:426-8.
98. Armstrong EP, Langley PC. Disease management programs. Am J Health-Syst Pharm 1996;53:53-8.
99. Armstrong EP, Akaho E, Fujii M. Japanese pharmacy: innovation mixed with tradition. Ann Pharmacother 1995;29:181-5.
100. Armstrong EP, Akaho E, Gondoh Y. Pharmacoeconomic analysis of drug therapy. Japan J Hosp Pharm 1995;21:154-65.
101. Tysinger JW, Armstrong EP. First-year pharmacy students' computer expertise and attitudes. Am J Pharm Educ 1995;59:43-47.
102. Armstrong EP. OBRA 90 and ambulatory drug use evaluation. Drug Store News 1994;4:47-53.
103. Armstrong EP. Discussing pharmaceutical care on a grass-roots basis: the Arizona experience. Am Pharm 1994;NS34:38-47.
104. Armstrong EP. Ambulatory drug use evaluation. Dynamics in Health Care 1993;4:8-11.
105. Armstrong EP, Terry AK. Impact of drug use evaluation upon ambulatory pharmacy practice. Ann Pharmacother 1992; 26:1546-53.
106. Armstrong EP. DUE software highlights therapeutic issues. Am Pharm 1992; NS32: 806-10.
107. Armstrong EP, Bootman JL, Al-Dhewalia HM. Pharmacy practice in eastern Saudi Arabia. Am J Hosp Pharm 1992; 49: 2252-4.
108. Armstrong EP. Pharmacy or pharmaceutical care. Dynamics in Health Care 1991; 2: 13-15.
109. Armstrong EP, Larson LN, Linehan EA, Mayhew L. Physician use and perception of home IV therapy. Consult Pharm 1991; 6: 480-4.
110. Plezia PM, Thornley SM, Kramer TH, Armstrong EP. Influence of enteral feedings on sustained-release theophylline absorption. Pharmacotherapy 1990; 19: 356-61.
111. Armstrong EP. Pseudomonal osteomyelitis. Hosp Ther 1990; 15: 273-80.
112. Nishimura L, Armstrong EP, Plezia PM, Ioacono R. Influence of enteral feedings on phenytoin sodium absorption from capsules. Drug Intell Clin Pharm 1988; 22: 130-3.
113. Armstrong EP, Nako N, Plezia, PM, Kramer TH, Jones WN. Steady-state pharmacokinetics of two sustained-release theophylline products during once-daily and twice-daily dosing. Clin Pharm 1987; 6: 800-4.
114. Armstrong EP, Bailie M. Clinical comparison of three volumetric infusion pumps. National Intravenous Therapy Association 1985; 8: 305-8.
115. Armstrong EP, Kopp DL. A survey of prophylactic antibiotic use for total joint replacements in a community hospital. Drug Intell Clin Pharm 1985; 19: 753-7.
116. Armstrong EP. Treatment of mild-to-moderate cancer pain. Hosp Ther 1985; 10: 26-44.
117. Armstrong EP, Rush DR. Treatment of osteomyelitis. Clin Pharm 1983; 2: 213- 24.
Chapters in Scholarly Books and Monographs (textbooks)
1. Armstrong EP, Friedman AD. Osteomyelitis and septic arthritis. In: Schwinghammer TL, Koehler JM, eds. Pharmacotherapy Casebook: A Patient-Focused Approach. 8th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2011:349-51.
2. Armstrong EP, Friedman AD. Bone and joint infections. In: DiPiro JT, Talbert RL, Yee GC, Matzke GR, Wells BG, Posey LM, eds. Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach, 8th edition. New York, New York: McGraw-Hill; 2011:2029-39.
3. Armstrong EP, Friedman AD. Bone and joint infections. In: DiPiro JT, Talbert RL, Yee GC, Matzke GR, Wells BG, Posey LM, eds. Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach, 7th edition. New York, New York: McGraw-Hill; 2008:1933-1942.
4. Armstrong EP Barton LL. Bone and joint infections. In: DiPiro JT, Talbert RL, Yee GC, Matzke GR, Wells BG, Posey LM, eds. Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach, 6th edition. New York, New York: McGraw-Hill; 2005:2119-29.
5. Armstrong EP, Barton LL. Osteomyelitis and septic arthritis. In: Schwinghammer TL, ed. Pharmacotherapy Casebook: A Patient-Focused Approach, 6th edition. New York, New York: McGraw-Hill; 2005:330-3.
6. Zachry WM, Armstrong EP. Electronic prescribing. Encyclopedia of Clinical Pharmacy. New York, New York: Marcel Dekker; 2002:326-9.
7. Armstrong EP, Elsberry VA, Barton LL. Osteomyelitis. In: Schwinghammer TL, ed. Pharmacotherapy Casebook: A Patient-Focused Approach, 5th edition. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2002:325-8.
8. Armstrong EP. Bone and joint infections. In: DiPiro JT, Talbert RL, Yee GC, Matzke GR, Wells BG, Posey LM, eds. Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach, 5th edition. New York, New York: McGraw-Hill; 2002:2017-27.
9. Lipsy RJ, Armstrong EP. Clinical Practice Guidelines. In: American College of Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmacotherapy Self-Assessment Program, Book 5, The science and practice of pharmacotherapy, fourth edition; 2002:35-67.
10. Grizzle AJ and Armstrong EP. Chapter Three. " The Role and Use of Outcomes Assessments". In: Introduction to Applied Pharmacoeconomics. FR Vogenberg, ed. New York, New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc; 2000; 40-60.
11. Armstrong EP, Elsberry VA, Barton LL. Osteomyelitis. In: Schwinghammer TL, ed. Instructor’s Guide to Accompany Pharmacotherapy Casebook: A Patient-Focused Approach, 2nd edition. New York: Elsevier; 1999:354-5.
12. Armstrong EP, Elsberry VA, Barton LL. Osteomyelitis. In: Schwinghammer TL, ed. Pharmacotherapy Casebook: A Patient-Focused Approach, 2nd edition. New York: Elsevier; 1999:271-3.
13. Armstrong EP, Elsberry VA. Bone and joint infections. In: DiPiro JT, Talbert RL, Yee GC, Matzke GR, Wells BG, Posey LM, eds. Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach, 4th edition. Stamford, Connecticut: Appleton & Lange; 1999:1816-26.
14. Lipsy RJ, Armstrong EP. Clinical Practice Guidelines. In: American College of Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmacotherapy Self-Assessment Program, third edition; 1999:159-80.
15. Armstrong EP, Elsberry VA. Bone and joint infections. In: DiPiro JT, Talbert RL, Yee GC, Matzke GR, Wells BG, Posey LM, eds. Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach, 3rd edition. Stamford, Connecticut: Appleton & Lange; 1997:2221-35.
16. Armstrong EP, ed., Pharmacy 2000 Proceedings. Strategic Planning Conference, Arizona Pharmacy Association 1992: 1-72.
17. Armstrong EP. Epilepsy. In: Bressler R, Katz MD, eds. Geriatric Pharmacology. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1993:289-308.
18. Armstrong EP. Bone and joint infections. In: DiPiro JT, Talbert RL, Hayes PE, Yee GC, Matzke GR, Posey LM, eds. Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach, 2nd edition. New York: Elsevier; 1993:1739-50.
19. Armstrong EP. Bone and joint infections. In: DiPiro JT, Talbert RL, Hayes PE, Yee GC, Posey LM, eds. Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach. New York: Elsevier; 1989:1247-57.
20. Armstrong EP, McElroy J. Autoimmune and other rheumatic diseases. In: Herfindal ET, Hirschman JL, eds. Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, fourth edition. Baltimore, MD: Williams and Wilkins; 1988:343-53.